不同豆科植物对锰矿区复垦土壤的改良效果

Effectiveness of different leguminous plants on soil improvement in reclaimed manganese mining areas

摘要:

目前广西锰矿复垦区存在着土壤贫瘠化和重金属污染严重等问题,对当地居民生命财产安全和矿区农业发展产生了严重影响。因此以锰矿区复垦土壤为研究对象,探究施用不同豆科绿肥植物对锰矿区复垦土壤的改良效果,共设置十二个处理分别为空白(CK)、田菁(TJ)、草木犀(CMX)、紫云英(ZY)、光叶苕子(ZHT)、箭筈豌豆(JK)、沙打旺(SDW)、决明子(JM)、绛三叶(JSY),毛叶苕子(MY)、猪屎豆(ZS)、小冠花(XG)。研究结果表明：(1)锰矿区复垦土壤的有效磷、速效钾、总氮和总碳含量显著增加,但土壤pH和有机质并无显著改变。其中与CK相比,沙打旺的土壤有效磷含量提高了200%,毛叶苕子的土壤总氮含量提高了126%；(2)锰矿区复垦土壤无机态氮含量显著增加,与CK相比,紫云英的土壤硝态氮含量提高了377%,小冠花的土壤铵态氮含量提高了88.8%；(3)锰矿区复垦土壤土壤酶活性显著提高,与CK相比, 猪屎豆、光叶苕子和紫云英的土壤固氮酶活性提升了221%、202%和195%。研究认为,豆科绿肥植物对锰矿区复垦土壤具有良好的改良效果。

Abstract:

At present, there are serious problems such as soil impoverishment and heavy metal pollution in Guangxi manganese reclamation area, which have a serious impact on the life and property safety of local residents and agricultural development in mining area. Therefore, taking the reclaimed soil of manganese ore area as the research object, the improvement effect of applying different legume green fertilizer plants to the reclaimed soil of manganese ore area was explored. A total of twelve treatments were set up, which were: CK, TJ, CMX, ZY, ZHT, JK, SDW, JM, JSY, MY, ZS and XG. The results showed that: (1) the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total carbon in the reclaimed soil increased significantly, but the soil pH and organic matter did not change significantly. Compared with CK, the soil available phosphorus content of SDW increased by 200%, and the soil total nitrogen content of MY increased by 126%. (2) The inorganic nitrogen content of the reclaimed soil in the manganese ore area was significantly increased. Compared with CK, the nitrate nitrogen content of ZY soil was increased by 377%, and the ammonium nitrogen content of XG soil was increased by 88.8%; (3) The soil enzyme activities of reclaimed soil in manganese ore area were significantly increased. Compared with CK, the soil nitrogenase activities of ZS, ZHT and ZY were increased by 221%, 202% and 195%. The study shows that leguminous green fertilizer plants have good improvement effect on the soil reclamation in manganese ore area.